ZUMBA:-

Zumba is a popular fitness program inspired by Latin dance. The word ‘ Zumba’ comes from the Colombian word that means to move fast and to have fun, which is just how people describe the routine. Using upbeat Latin music together with cardiovascular exercise, zumba is aerobic dancing that is lots of fun and easy to learn. Zumba classes are usually for an hour duration and are taught by licensed zumba instructors. The exercise consists of music with fast and slow rhythms, as well as resistance training. There are nine different types of classes for different age groups. Zumba Gold is a program designed for the needs of elderly. zumba Step is a lower body workout that incorporates Zumba routines and step aerobics. Zumba Toning is for the people who do their workouts with toning sticks. Zumba Toning will target the abs, thighs, arms and other muscles throughout the body. Aqua zumba classes are held in a swimming pool. The instructor leads the class poolside wile participants follow in shallow water. Zumba in the Circuit combines dance with circuit training. These classes usually last 30 min and feature strength exercises on various stations in timed intervals. Zumba kids and zumba kids Jr. classes are designed for children between the age of 4 and 12. zumba Gold-toning is for older participants with goals of improving one’s muscle strength, mobility, posture and concentration. Zumba santao is a chair workout that focuses on using body weight to strengthen and tone the body. Overall, zumba mixes effective body sculpting movements with easy to do follow, fun dance steps. People usually seem to forget about the workout during a zumba session, allowing them to exercise longer and burn more calories.

SALSA:-

In many styles of salsa dancing, as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body  remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes. Weight shifts cause the hips to move. Arms and shoulder movements are also incorporated. The arms are used by the ‘lead’ dancer to communicate or signal the ‘follower’, either in open or closed position. The open position requires  the two dancers to hold one or both hands, especially for the move that involves turns, putting arms behind the back or moving around each other. Incorporating other dance styles into salsa has become very common for both men as well as women, for example; - shimmies, leg work, arm work and body movements. The basic movement occurring in the dance pattern of the various salsa styles is the stepping on the beat of the music. Salsa is best grouped in pairs of 4 – beat pattern counted ‘ 1-2-3-….-5-6-7-..’.The leader starts on the count 1 by stepping with the left foot. On the count 2 and 3 they step with right and left, respectively. On the count 4 the lead pauses or makes an optional step with the foot. On counts 5, 6 and 7 , they step with right , left and right respectively again followed by a pause on the count 8 . . In most styles, the leader starts with the left foot and the follower starts with the right foot regardless of the pattern about to be danced.

TAP DANCING

Tap dancing is a form of dance characterized by the using the sound of tap shoes striking the floor as a form of percussion. Two major variations on tap dancing exists: rhythm tap focuses on musicality and practitioners consider themselves to e a part of the Jazz tradition. “Soft Shoes” is a rhythm form of tap dancing that does not require special shoes, and though rhythm is generated by tapping of the feet, it also uses sliding of the feet more often den modern rhythm tap. Tap dancers make frequent use of syncopation. Choreography typically starts on the eight or first beat count. Another aspect of tap dancing is improvisation. Tap dancing can either be done with music following the beats provided or without musical accompaniment.

Hoofers are tap dancers who dance primarily “closer to the floor” using mostly footwork and not showing very much arm or body movement. This kind of tap dancing, also called as rhythm tap, was first employed by slaves in America. Common tap steps include the shuffle ,shuffle ball change , double shuffle, leap shuffle, hop shuffle, flap, flap ball change, running flap, flap heel, cramp roll , buffalo and so on . These consist of a rhythm that is changed to make a new time steps by adding or removing steps. In tap dancing the group of dancers must work together to create the sound keeping their steps at the correct speed to match each other.

BELLY DANCING

Belly dancing is a western-coined name for a type of Middle Eastern dance. Originally a ‘solo, improvised dance involving torso articulations’ , belly dance takes many different forms depending on the country and region both in costume and dance style, and new styles have evolved in the west as its popularity has spread globally. Unlike many Western dance forms, the focus of the dance is on relaxed, natural isolations of the torso muscles, rather than on the movements of the limbs through space. Although some of these isolations appear superficially similar to the isolations used in Jazz ballet, they are sometime driven differently and have a different feeling or emphasis. The costume most commonly associated with Bely dancing is called ‘ Bedlah” , which typically includes a fitted top or bra, a fitted hip belt and a full-length skirt or harem pants. The bra and belt may be richly decorated with beads, sequins, crystals, coins and embroidery. The belt may be a separate piece or sewn into a skirt. it has been suggested that the bedlah was inspired by glamorous Hollywood costumes. Earlier costumes were made up of a full skirt, light chemise and tight cropped vest with heavy embellishments and jewelry. As well as the two pieced bedlah costumes, full length dresses are sometimes worn, especially when dancing more earthy baladi style.

 Name: Sukanya Kavlekar

Roll. No: SU150436
Class: FYBsc (B)

BALLET

Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15^th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology. It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres. Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training. Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art. Ballet consists of choreography and music for a ballet production. Ballet are choreographed and performed by trained artists. Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as neoclassical works often are performed in simple costumes and without elaborate sets or scenery. In France, ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence. The dancers in these early court ballets were mostly noble amateurs. Ballets in this period were lengthy and elaborate and often served a political purpose.

Ornamented costumes were meant to impress viewers and restricted performers’ freedom of movement. The ballets were performed in large chambers with viewers on three sides. The later invention of proscenium stage distanced performers from audience members, who could then better view and appreciate the technical feats of professional dancers in the production.

TANGO

One of the most fascinating of all dances, the tango is a sensual ballroom dance that originated in South Africa in the early twentieth century. Tango is usually performed by a man and woman, expressing an element of romance in their synchronized movements. Originally, the tango was performed only by women, but once it spread into Argentina, it developed into a dance for couples. The popularity of tango has greatly increased over the years. Argentine tango is much more intimate than modern Tango, and is well-suited to dancing in small settings. Argentine Tango retains the intimacy of the original dance.

Several different styles of tango exist, each with its own individual flair. Most of the styles are danced in either open embrace, with the couple having space between their bodies, or in close embrace, where the couple is closely connected at either the chest or the hip areas. Many people are familiar with “ballroom tango,” characterized by strong, dramatic head snaps. Tango is danced to a repetitive style of music. The count of the music is either 16 or 32 beats. Tango dancers must strive to make a strong connection with the music as well as their audience

PASO DOBLE

Paso Doble or Pasodoble is a lively dance modeled after the drama of the Spanish bullfight. Paso doble actually means “two-step.”

The Paso Doble is a theatrical Spanish dance. Traditionally, the man is characterized as the matador (bullfighter) and the lady as his cape in the drama of a Spanish bullfight. The dancers may choose to enact the role of the torero, picador, banderillero, bull or Spanish dancer, and may change roles throughout the dance. Based on Flamenco the Paso Doble is both arrogant and passionate. The Paso Doble is performed more as a competition dance than as a social dance.

The Paso Doble originated in southern France and began gaining popularity in the United States in the 1930’s. Because the dance developed in France, the steps of the Spanish Paso Doble actually have French names. Paso Doble music has strong Flamenco influences. The bold, inspiring music has a simple 1-2-1-2 march rhythm, with very few rhythm changes. The tempo of Paso Doble music is usually a brisk 60 beats per minute. The Spanish Gypse Dance has become the universal anthem of the Paso Doble.

The Paso Doble has a significant number of songs. The song has breaks or “highlight” in fixed position in the song. Highlights emphasize music and are more powerful sounding than other parts of the music, usually dancers have decoration trick and then the position that is to be held to the end of the highlight.  Traditional Paso Doble routines are choreographed to match these highlight, as well as the musical phrases. Accordingly, most other ballroom pasodoble tunes are written with similar highlights.

BREAKDANCE

Breakdance also known as breaking, b-girling or b-boying, is a street dance style that evolved as part of hip hop movement that originated among African American and Latin American youths in the South Bronx of New York City during the early 1970’s. It is arguably the best known of all hip hop dance styles. A break dancer is also known as a breaker and B-boy.

Breaking was born when the street comer DJ’s would take the breakdown sections of dance records and string them together or loo them without any elements of the song per se. This provided a raw rhythmic base for improvising and further mixing, and it allowed dancers to display their skills during the break. Breakdancing has a variety of influences, there is no tradition in breakdancing, dancers picked elements from other dances and sports including but not limited to gymnastics, Capoeira, lindy hop, disco, etc. Popular speculations of the early 1980’s suggest that breakdancing, in its organized fashion seen today, began as a method of rival gangs of the ghetto to mediate and settle territorial disputes. In a turn-based showcase of dance routines, the winning side was determined by dancers who could outperform the other by displaying a set of more complicated and innovative moves. Breakdancing remains an enjoyable pastime for enthusiasts and, for a few, a serious competitive dance where annual exhibitions and competitions of all levels take place.

 Name: Desiree Fernandes

Roll. No: SU150427
Class: FYBsc (B)